This is a topic that has been on my heart and at the front of my mind for several weeks, but I haven’t known how to start writing about it. As a writer, I like to have an outline prepared before starting a post. It helps with finding the direction of an article and keeps me from getting distracted. But with this topic, even the outline has been a struggle. So, I ask for your patience and grace with this blog post.
Food Is Sacred
The statement “Food is sacred” seems pretty odd, and perhaps it is. Food is a necessity to life, but it’s something that the majority of people in North America and Europe likely take for granted. I’ve never had to worry if there’d be food for my next meal. Even in my darkest moments, I knew there were family members and friends who would lend a hand if needed. But that’s not the situation for everyone. According to the Global Report on Food Crises, there were 295 million people in the world who faced acute levels of hunger in 2024. Unfortunately, that was an increase of nearly 14 million over 2023. In spite of modern advancements, food insecurity is becoming a larger issue.
War’s Butterfly Effect on Food
Droughts, economic shifts, weather extremes, and wars have been direct causes of this insecurity. We may not be able to immediately solve the climate issues that lead to disruptions in the food supply chain, but what is unacceptable is how people’s ability to access food is being directly and indirectly affected by conflict. I see the indirect effect happening as a result of the Ukrainian War, where the conflict has disrupted grain production. Prior to Russia’s invasion, Ukraine was the seventh-largest exporter of wheat, with African and European nations being the most dependent on it. When the war started, trade routes were cut off, causing prices to soar, and the countries that depend on those exports were forced to find alternatives. Thankfully, new trade routes have been established, which has helped to ease the burden a bit, but the nation is still exporting less wheat than before the war. And that doesn’t cover the war’s impact on their barley and sunflower harvest. Prior to the war, they were the fourth-largest barley exporter and the largest exporter of sunflowers.
From 2023, a year after the war started, to 2024, there was a seven percent decrease in cultivated land in Ukraine. Also, 81.4 percent of farmers near the frontline of the war reported decreased yields year-over-year. Eighty-six percent of farmers saw production costs rise, and 18 percent said that their fields were affected by mines and other unexploded ordnances. That is the same tragic reality that Cambodia, Laos, and parts of Africa still deal with as the result of warfare. Finally, labor shortages in Ukraine have caused issues for the supply chain. And remember that a lot of the effects I’m writing about are indirect. Yes, life in Ukraine is much different now than it was prior to Russia’s invasion in early 2022, but at the same time, the nations that rely on European grain to survive also feel the impact of the war. Often, these nations are ones already on the verge of food insecurity, further escalating the problem and leading to starvation. But what about when a people group’s ability to access food is directly attacked during a war?
Using Starvation as a Weapon of War
The use of starvation as a war tactic has probably been used since mankind’s first conflict. It makes sense: humans are evil, and one of the most efficient ways to weaken and ultimately destroy your enemy is to deprive them of life’s necessities. If a group of people can’t eat, they don’t have the energy and nutrients to fight back or resist. In the United States, this was a tactic used by the federal government in its handling of the Native Americans.
Although there were many instances of this, the most famous was the Trail of Tears, which is the name given to the forced movement of members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations from their ancestral lands in the southeast to designated land west of the Mississippi River. Between 1830 and 1850, 60,000 people were displaced via the Indian Removal Act, which was signed into law by Andrew Jackson. It resulted in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans, not to mention the destruction of their culture. It was called the Trail of Tears because they were forced to walk the entire way, a distance of more than 2,000 miles. Unsurprisingly, starvation was one of the tactics used to murder the Native Americans in what we now label genocide and ethnic cleansing.
Advancing forward in history, starvation was a tactic deployed during World War I and II and by nations on both sides of the wars. There was some legal pushback against the tactic following World War I when the Allies attempted to prosecute the Central Powers for starvation tactics; however, the effort fell short. Later, after World War II, senior Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes, including the starvation of prisoners of war, but the attempt to prosecute the Nazis for starvation as an act of war led to acquittals. Following the Allies’ victory in World War II, the Geneva Conventions were agreed upon to establish international humanitarian law during warfare. Specifically, they were designed to protect civilians (aka non-combatants) in wars. Unfortunately, for as good as the intentions were, the reality was that the Geneva Conventions didn’t establish a legal system for hearing cases when the laws were being violated. And even though amendments to the Geneva Conventions banned starvation as a war tactic in 1977, it remained decriminalized.
That finally changed in 1998 when the Rome Statute took place, establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC). The ICC is a permanent court with the jurisdiction to prosecute those found guilty of international crimes in four areas: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. Finally, there was legal precedent to prosecute the use of starvation as a method of warfare. In 2019, an amendment was added that further extended the definition by criminalizing it when used intentionally in non-international conflicts. Previously, it only applied to instances that took place in international warfare. This was a game-changer, as a large percentage of forced starvation takes place in civil conflicts in places such as Sudan, Nigeria, and other African nations.
But even the Rome Statute and the ICC have their shortcomings. Not only is starvation a notoriously difficult crime to prosecute, but the ICC can only operate in nations that are signed parties to the Rome Statute. As of June 2025, there were 125 signed parties, which is more than half the number of recognized nations in the world, which is somewhere between 188 and 205. All of South America and most of Europe are signed parties; however, notably absent are the United States, Russia, China, much of West Asia, including Israel, and many countries from Africa. This is likely unsurprising to most people who are aware of what’s going on internationally. We can assume why the majority of these nations have never become signed states.
Two of the most prominent people currently under indictment by the ICC are Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Russian President Vladimir Putin. Putin has been indicted for two war crimes related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Netanyahu has been indicted for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the use of starvation, during the Gaza War. Because neither nation is a signatory to the Rome Statute, it’s unlikely they’ll ever face trial; however, their indictments limit their ability to travel, as other nations have the authority to arrest and transport them to The Hague to face trial. Additionally, of all the people who have been indicted by the ICC, only Netanyahu and his former minister of defense, Yoav Gallant, face charges of starvation. That only further affirms the difficulty of charging and prosecuting someone for these crimes.
Targeting Food as a Means of Destroying Culture
All of the above examples, whether in an organized invasion like what’s happening in Ukraine or a 19th-century death march, have one thing in common: The goal of destroying and removing a culture and people group. By deliberately blocking a group’s ability to access food, the intention is not just to win the conflict but to reduce or altogether wipe out a group’s population. Another way of describing this is ethnic cleansing. That may seem like an exaggeration, but the facts support it. Let’s look at what’s been happening in Palestine.
It feels like the conflict between Israel and Palestine over land has been a constant. And I guess that is the case, to an extent. But the current conflict started in Oct. 2023 when Hamas launched attacks on civilians at a music festival. I was on board with Israel defending itself at the time, especially because the victims of that attack were civilians. However, in the two-plus years that have followed, Israel’s response has moved from a defensive posture to one that is an all-out attack. They are no longer simply reacting to attacks they receive but instead are being the aggressor and are committing acts in line with ethnic cleansing. Roughly 1,200 were killed in the Hamas attacks; more than 70,000 have been killed by Israel in Gaza, and around 80 percent have been civilians.
Targeting the Olive Harvest
Since the Oct. 2023 attacks, the Israeli government has been ramping up its placement of Israeli “settlers.” These settlers are Israeli civilians living in illegal settlements located in the West Bank as a way to assert Israel’s claim on the land. The settlements are also protected by the Israeli military. The settlers are typically armed and attack Palestinian civilians, often leading to death. And even though the majority of the world sees their presence as illegal, the settlements continue to grow and spread.
One way the settlers have been targeting Palestinian culture is through the descruption of agriculture. In Dec. 2025, PBS published a report on the attacks, going into great detail how the attacks target Christian and Muslim Palestinians; their religion is irrelevant to the settlers. During attacks last fall, the settlers targeted the annual olive harvest that represents the livelihood for a large percentage of Palestinians living in the West Bank. In some cases, the trees and groves were burned. In others, the farmers were too afraid to go to their trees, which meant ripe olives were left to rot on the trees. Sure, the destroyed trees can be replanted, but when an olive tree takes a decade to reach maturity, it’s not a quick or simple solution. These farmers are the victims of a war they aren’t actively participating in; another example in a long line of civilians who pay a price that should never be asked of them.
Destroying a Seed Bank
Last July, the Israeli military carried out an operation of raiding and demolishing part of the Palestinian Seed Bank in Hebron. The facility housed equipment, tools, and the seeds that were being preserved and reproduced in an effort to secure food systems. The bank’s goal was to ensure a future with a food system that was independent rather than being controlled by the Israeli military and government. Somehow, this never made the mainstream news in the United States, which isn’t surprising. Elsewhere, the attack was criticized, with La Via Campesina (a global organization representing small-scale farmers) putting out the following statement:
This attack on UAWC seed bank is not an isolated incident. It is the second direct assault on UAWC in recent years, part of a broader colonial strategy to uproot Palestinian communities, displace Indigenous farmers, and suppress any form of self-determination.
When an aggressor is attempting to permanently dislodge a people group from ancestral lands and remove any serious ability to control their own food systems, we have a word for that: genocide. While the mainstream media in the United States and our country’s current leaders refuse to acknowledge this, global leaders are calling attention to it. In Sep. 2025, the United Nations’ Human Rights Office released the findings of an independent investigation. It concluded that Israel was guilty of committing four of the five acts of genocide as defined by the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The acts were killing, causing serious bodily or mental harm, deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of the Palestinians in whole or in part, and imposing measures intended to prevent births.
The use of starvation and the targeting of food systems as war tactics are intertwined in the last two acts. It’s obvious that the Israeli government’s goal is to bring about the destruction of the Palestinian culture and people. Thankfully, though, people are sharing stories of what’s taking place in the West Bank and in Gaza, so ignorance is no longer an excuse. At the same time, we’re also learning of how Palestinians are preserving their culture, and it’s a tale of resilience.